Humans have been producing glass for 5000 years, but did you know that its main ingredient can be found on beaches the world over? Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica or rock crystal, is formed from quartz, one of the most abundant minerals on Earth. Ancient glass was made almost entirely of silica, but these days, other compounds are added to ‘tune’ its physical properties – e.g. to make it more or less reflective, or resistant to high temperatures.

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